asteroids/game.c

#include "game.h"

#include "input.h"
#include "renderer.h"
#include "rng.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <linux/input-event-codes.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

#define SHIP_COLLIDE_R 0.05

#define FIRE_MEAN -0.15
#define FIRE_JITTER 0.01

#define ASTEROID_MIN_VERTS 5
#define ASTEROID_MAX_VERTS 8
#define ASTEROID_VERT_RANGE (ASTEROID_MAX_VERTS - ASTEROID_MIN_VERTS)
#define ASTEROID_A_JITTER 0.8
#define ASTEROID_VEL_JITTER 0.001
#define ASTEROID_OMG_JITTER 0.005
#define INIT_ASTEROIDS 8

#define ASTEROID_SMALL 0.05
#define ASTEROID_MEDIUM 0.1
#define ASTEROID_LARGE 0.15
#define ASTEROID_R_JITTER 0.02
#define ASTEROID_MIN_DIST 0.8

#define REPLACE_MIN 2
#define REPLACE_MAX 4
#define REPLACE_RANGE (REPLACE_MAX - REPLACE_MIN)
#define REPLACE_R_COEFF 0.5
#define REPLACE_R_JITTER 0.02
#define REPLACE_A_JITTER 0.4
#define REPLACE_V_JITTER 0.001
#define REPLACE_RADIAL_V_COEFF 0.005
#define REPLACE_OMG_JITTER 0.01

#define LIN_PWR 0.0001
#define ROT_PWR 0.002

#define SHOT_VEL 0.04
#define SHOT_COLLIDE_R 0.005
#define SHOT_MASS 0.005

#define MAX_SHAPES 256U
#define MAX_ENTITIES 128U
#define MAX_SHAPES_PER_ENTITY 2
#define MAX_COLLISIONS 128U

#define NELEMS(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))

typedef enum {
	COLLISION_SHIP,
	COLLISION_SHOT,
	COLLISION_ASTEROID,
} collision_tag_t;

typedef struct {
	vec2_t pos;
	vec2_t vel;
	mat2_t dir;
	float omg;
	unsigned shapes[MAX_SHAPES_PER_ENTITY];
	unsigned shape_count;
	float radius;
	collision_tag_t tag;
	bool wrap;
	bool dead;
} entity_t;

typedef struct {
	bool visible;
	int entity;
	unsigned vert_count;
	vec2_t verts[MAX_VERTS];
	uint8_t flags;
} shape_t;

typedef struct {
	unsigned entities[2];
	float vs[2];
	vec2_t normal;
} collision_t;

static const vec2_t ship_verts[] = {
	{ 0.0, 0.11 },
	{ 0.05, -0.07 },
	{ 0.0, -0.04 },
	{ -0.05, -0.07 },
};
static const vec2_t fire_verts[] = {
	{ 0.0, -0.15 },
	{ 0.015, -0.07 },
	{ -0.015, -0.07 },
};
static const vec2_t shot_verts[] = { { 0.0, -0.02 }, { 0.0, 0.02 } };

static entity_t entities[MAX_ENTITIES];
static mat3_t transforms[MAX_ENTITIES];
static shape_t shapes[MAX_SHAPES];

static unsigned entity_count;
static unsigned shape_count;

static bool dead;
static float aspect;

static unsigned ship_entity_id;
static unsigned ship_shape_id;
static unsigned fire_shape_id;

static entity_t *add_entity(unsigned *id_out)
{
	const unsigned id = entity_count++;
	memset(entities + id, 0, sizeof(entity_t));
	entities[id].dir = (mat2_t) { { 1, 0 }, { 0, 1 } };
	if (id_out != nullptr)
		*id_out = id;
	return entities + id;
}

static shape_t *add_shape(unsigned entity, unsigned *id_out)
{
	assert(entities[entity].shape_count < MAX_SHAPES_PER_ENTITY);
	const int id = shape_count++;
	memset(shapes + id, 0, sizeof(shape_t));
	shapes[id].entity = entity;
	entities[entity].shapes[entities[entity].shape_count++] = id;
	if (id_out != nullptr)
		*id_out = id;
	return shapes + id;
}

static void shoot()
{
	if (entity_count >= MAX_ENTITIES || shape_count >= MAX_SHAPES)
		return;

	const entity_t *ship = entities + ship_entity_id;
	const shape_t *ship_shape = shapes + ship_shape_id;

	unsigned id;
	entity_t *e = add_entity(&id);
	e->dir = ship->dir;
	e->pos = vec2_add(
	    ship->pos, mat2_mul_vec2(ship->dir, ship_shape->verts[0]));
	e->vel = vec2_add(
	    ship->vel, mat2_mul_vec2(ship->dir, (vec2_t) { 0, SHOT_VEL }));
	e->radius = SHIP_COLLIDE_R;
	e->tag = COLLISION_SHOT;

	shape_t *s = add_shape(id, nullptr);
	s->visible = true;
	s->vert_count = NELEMS(shot_verts);
	memcpy(s->verts, shot_verts, sizeof(shot_verts));
}

static entity_t *gen_asteroid(float r_mean, unsigned *id_out)
{
	unsigned id;
	entity_t *e = add_entity(&id);
	e->wrap = true;
	e->radius = r_mean;
	e->tag = COLLISION_ASTEROID;

	shape_t *s = add_shape(id, nullptr);
	s->visible = true;
	s->flags = WRAP | CONNECT;

	const unsigned n
	    = ASTEROID_MIN_VERTS + rng_uint32() % ASTEROID_VERT_RANGE;
	s->vert_count = n;

	const float da = 2.0f * PI / n;
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		const float r = r_mean + rng_plusminus() * ASTEROID_R_JITTER;
		const float a
		    = i * da + ASTEROID_A_JITTER * rng_plusminus() * da / 2;
		s->verts[i] = (vec2_t) { r * cosf(a), r * sinf(a) };
	}

	if (id_out)
		*id_out = id;
	return e;
}

static bool intersecting(unsigned a, unsigned b)
{
	const float sep = vec2_len(vec2_sub(entities[b].pos, entities[a].pos));
	return sep <= entities[a].radius + entities[b].radius;
}

static bool intersecting_any(unsigned id)
{
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < entity_count; ++i) {
		if (i == id)
			continue;
		if (intersecting(id, i))
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}

static void spawn_asteroid()
{
	float r;
	const float rnd = rng_canon();
	if (rnd < 0.2)
		r = ASTEROID_SMALL;
	else if (rnd < 0.6)
		r = ASTEROID_MEDIUM;
	else
		r = ASTEROID_LARGE;

	unsigned id;
	entity_t *e = gen_asteroid(r, &id);
	do {
		e->pos.y = rng_plusminus();
		e->pos.x = aspect * rng_plusminus();
	} while (vec2_len(e->pos) < ASTEROID_MIN_DIST || intersecting_any(id));
	e->vel = (vec2_t) {
		ASTEROID_VEL_JITTER * rng_plusminus(),
		ASTEROID_VEL_JITTER * rng_plusminus(),
	};
	e->omg = ASTEROID_OMG_JITTER * rng_plusminus();
}

static void remove_shape(unsigned id)
{
	if (id < shape_count - 1) {
		const shape_t *last = shapes + shape_count - 1;
		memcpy(shapes + id, last, sizeof(shape_t));
		for (unsigned i = 0; i < entities[last->entity].shape_count; ++i) {
			if (entities[last->entity].shapes[i] == shape_count - 1) {
				entities[last->entity].shapes[i] = id;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	--shape_count;
}

static void remove_entity(unsigned id)
{
	assert(id != ship_entity_id);

	entity_t *e = entities + id;
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < e->shape_count; ++i)
		remove_shape(e->shapes[i]);

	if (id < entity_count - 1) {
		const entity_t *last = entities + entity_count - 1;
		memcpy(e, last, sizeof(entity_t));
		for (unsigned i = 0; i < e->shape_count; ++i)
			shapes[e->shapes[i]].entity = id;
	}

	--entity_count;
}

static void ship_update()
{
	entity_t *ship = entities + ship_entity_id;

	ship->omg += ROT_PWR * (float)input.spin;

	const vec2_t thrust = { 0, (float)input.thrust * LIN_PWR };
	const vec2_t acc = mat2_mul_vec2(ship->dir, thrust);
	ship->vel = vec2_add(ship->vel, acc);

	shape_t *fire = shapes + fire_shape_id;
	fire->visible = input.thrust != 0;
	fire->verts[0].y = FIRE_MEAN + FIRE_JITTER * rng_plusminus();
}

static unsigned check_collisions(collision_t *out)
{
	unsigned count = 0;
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < entity_count; ++i) {
		for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < entity_count; ++j) {
			if (intersecting(i, j)) {
				const vec2_t n
				    = vec2_norm(vec2_sub(entities[j].pos, entities[i].pos));
				const float vi = vec2_dot(entities[i].vel, n);
				const float vj = vec2_dot(entities[j].vel, n);
				if (vi < 0 && vj > 0)
					continue;

				assert(count < MAX_COLLISIONS);
				out[count].entities[0] = i;
				out[count].entities[1] = j;
				out[count].vs[0] = vi;
				out[count].vs[1] = vj;
				out[count].normal = n;
				++count;
			}
		}
	}
	return count;
}

static void bounce(collision_t c)
{
	entity_t *a = entities + c.entities[0];
	entity_t *b = entities + c.entities[1];

	const float ma = a->radius * a->radius;
	const float mb = b->radius * b->radius;
	const float m = ma + mb;

	const vec2_t n = c.normal;
	const float va1 = c.vs[0];
	const float vb1 = c.vs[1];

	const float va2 = (va1 * (ma - mb) + 2 * mb * vb1) / m;
	const float vb2 = (vb1 * (mb - ma) + 2 * ma * va1) / m;

	a->vel = vec2_add(a->vel, vec2_scale(n, va2 - va1));
	b->vel = vec2_add(b->vel, vec2_scale(n, vb2 - vb1));
}

static void destroy_asteroid(entity_t *a, vec2_t shot_vel)
{
	a->dead = true;

	float r;
	if (fabs(a->radius - ASTEROID_LARGE) < 1e-3)
		r = ASTEROID_MEDIUM;
	else if (fabs(a->radius - ASTEROID_MEDIUM) < 1e-3)
		r = ASTEROID_SMALL;
	else
		return;

	const unsigned n = REPLACE_MIN + rng_uint32() % REPLACE_RANGE;
	const float da = 2 * PI / n;

	const float m = a->radius * a->radius;
	const vec2_t p
	    = vec2_add(vec2_scale(a->vel, m), vec2_scale(shot_vel, SHOT_MASS));
	const vec2_t inherit_v = vec2_scale(p, 1 / n * (m + SHOT_MASS));

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		const float disp_r = REPLACE_R_COEFF * a->radius
		    + REPLACE_R_JITTER * rng_plusminus();
		const float disp_a = i * da + REPLACE_A_JITTER * rng_plusminus();
		const vec2_t disp = { disp_r * cosf(disp_a), disp_r * sinf(disp_a) };

		const vec2_t radial_v = vec2_scale(
		    vec2_norm(disp), REPLACE_RADIAL_V_COEFF * rng_canon());
		const vec2_t jitter_v = {
			REPLACE_V_JITTER * rng_plusminus(),
			REPLACE_V_JITTER * rng_plusminus(),
		};

		entity_t *e = gen_asteroid(r, nullptr);
		e->pos = vec2_add(a->pos, disp);
		e->vel = vec2_add(inherit_v, vec2_add(radial_v, jitter_v));
		e->omg = a->omg / n + REPLACE_OMG_JITTER * rng_plusminus();
	}
}

static void handle_collisions(const collision_t *collisions, unsigned count)
{
	for (unsigned i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		const collision_t c = collisions[i];
		entity_t *a = entities + c.entities[0];
		entity_t *b = entities + c.entities[1];

		if (a->tag == COLLISION_SHIP || b->tag == COLLISION_SHIP) {
			dead = true;
			continue;
		}

		if (a->tag == COLLISION_SHOT && b->tag == COLLISION_SHOT)
			continue;

		if (a->tag == COLLISION_ASTEROID && b->tag == COLLISION_ASTEROID) {
			bounce(c);
			continue;
		}

		if (a->tag == COLLISION_SHOT) {
			a->dead = true;
			destroy_asteroid(b, a->vel);
		}
		if (b->tag == COLLISION_SHOT) {
			b->dead = true;
			destroy_asteroid(a, b->vel);
		}
	}

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < entity_count; ++i) {
		if (entities[i].dead)
			remove_entity(i--);
	}
}

void game_init(float _aspect)
{
	input_on_shoot(shoot);

	aspect = _aspect;
	dead = false;
	entity_count = shape_count = 0;

	entity_t *ship = add_entity(&ship_entity_id);
	ship->wrap = true;
	ship->radius = SHIP_COLLIDE_R;
	ship->tag = COLLISION_SHIP;

	shape_t *ship_shape = add_shape(ship_entity_id, &ship_shape_id);
	ship_shape->visible = true;
	ship_shape->flags = WRAP | CONNECT;
	ship_shape->vert_count = NELEMS(ship_verts);
	memcpy(ship_shape->verts, ship_verts, sizeof(ship_verts));

	shape_t *fire = add_shape(ship_entity_id, &fire_shape_id);
	fire->visible = true;
	fire->flags = WRAP | CONNECT;
	fire->vert_count = NELEMS(fire_verts);
	memcpy(fire->verts, fire_verts, sizeof(fire_verts));

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < INIT_ASTEROIDS; ++i)
		spawn_asteroid();
}

void game_update()
{
	if (dead)
		return;

	ship_update();

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < entity_count; ++i) {
		entity_t *e = entities + i;

		e->dir = mat2_mul_mat2(mat2_rotation(e->omg), e->dir);
		e->pos = vec2_add(e->pos, e->vel);

		if (e->wrap) {
			if (e->pos.y > 1)
				e->pos.y -= 2;
			else if (e->pos.y <= -1)
				e->pos.y += 2;
			if (e->pos.x >= aspect)
				e->pos.x -= 2 * aspect;
			else if (e->pos.x < -aspect)
				e->pos.x += 2 * aspect;
		} else if (
		    e->pos.y > 1 || e->pos.y <= -1 || e->pos.x >= aspect
		    || e->pos.x < -aspect) {
			remove_entity(i--);
			continue;
		}

		transforms[i]
		    = mat3_mul_mat3(mat3_translation(e->pos), mat2_extend(e->dir));
	}

	static collision_t collisions[MAX_COLLISIONS];
	const unsigned ncols = check_collisions(collisions);
	handle_collisions(collisions, ncols);
}

void game_draw()
{
	renderer_clear();

	for (unsigned i = 0; i < shape_count; ++i) {
		if (!shapes[i].visible)
			continue;

		const mat3_t transform = transforms[shapes[i].entity];
		renderer_draw(
		    shapes[i].verts, shapes[i].vert_count, transform,
		    shapes[i].flags);
	}
}